CASSADA.

Manihot utilissima, Pohl (Jatropha manihot, L.) [The bitter variety is poisonous, differing from the sweet, as bitter from sweet almonds (the difference probably due to the presence of hydrocianic acid); botanically, the two varieties are alike.]

Nat. order , Euphorbiaceæ.

Common name , Sweet or bitter cassada or cassava.

Preparation , Tincture of the root.

Authorities.

1, 2, 3 , Reil, Journ. f. Pharm., Tox., and Therap., 1, 586; review of Michiel de Keyzer, Inaug. dis., "Bydrage tot de Kennis van het Blauwzuur," 1856, poisoning of two boys and a girl, aged respectively 3, 4, and 6 years; 4 , ibid., poisoning of a negro by the juice; 5 , Dr. Barham, general statement of symptoms of poisoning, Pharm, Journ., 5, 29, 1846; 6 , Mure, Pathogénésie Brésilienne, effects from an ounce dose of the expressed juice of the root, by J. V. Martins.

MIND

• Emotional.
• At times, painful weeping, with grinding of the teeth, 3.
• Sadness, 6.
• Wakes in bad humor (second day), 6.
• Intellectual.
• She seemed to have some consciousness, as was shown by the look of her eye when her name was called aloud, 3.
• Senseless and unconscious, with ice-cold hands and feet, pale, sunken face, half-closed eyes, dilated pupils, half-opened mouth, full of saliva, respiration very slow, almost imperceptible, action of the heart intermitting, scarcely perceptible, anus relaxed, wide open, limbs relaxed, 1, 2.
• He fell to the ground unconscious, with loud cries and convulsions, 4.

HEAD

• Dizziness (second day), 6.
• Giddiness of the head, 5.
• Weight in the head, especially the top of the forehead, at 4 P.M. (second day), 6.
• Pain in the forehead and nasal fossæ (fourth day), 6.

EYE

• Pain within the orbits, 6.
• Dimness of sight, 5.
• Optical illusions (fourth day), 6.

EAR

• Noise in the ears, extending to the occiput, like letting off steam (third day), 6.

MOUTH

• Clammy mouth, with bad breath (third day), 6.
• Bitter mouth (fourth day), 6.

THROAT

• Sense of swelling in the left tonsil (second day), 6.
• Pain at the velum palati, 6.
• Slight feeling of dryness in the œsophagus, 6.

STOMACH. [20.]

• Appetite when beginning breakfast, but it suddenly ceases after taking a little milk (second day), 6.
• Thirst, 6.
• Eructations at 6.30 A.M., 6.
• Violent vomiting and purging, 5.
• Heaviness in the stomach all night, relieved by applying the hands (fourth day), 6.
• Slight weight in the stomach, 6.
• Pain and sickness of the stomach, 5.
• Slight dull pains in stomach and bowels, with borborygmi (second day), 6.
• Vague and transient, but very acute, pains in the stomach (third day), 6.

ABDOMEN

• Swelling of the whole abdomen, 5. [30.]
• Vague pains in the hypogastrium, when urinating, at 6 A.M. (second day), 6.

RECTUM AND ANUS

• Tenesmus and pressure in the sphincter ani, with pricking, at 3 P.M., (second day), 6.
• At 8 o'clock, renewed, but ineffectual urging to stool (second day), 6.

STOOL

• Diarrhœa in the morning (sixth day), 6.
• Unusually easy stools, 6.
• Watery, greenish, fetid stools (second day), 6.
• Copious, light-colored, watery, fetid stools (second day), 6.

URINARY ORGANS

• Sudden pain, with lancination, in the urethra, above the fossa navicularis, for two minutes (second day), 6.
• Slight heat in the urethra (third day), 6.

RESPIRATORY ORGANS

• Respiration intermitting, at times almost ceasing, 3.

CHEST. [40.]

• Pain within the chest, 6.
• Pain in the side of the chest and in the shoulders, aggravated by movement (second day), 6.

HEART AND PULSE

• Pulse very weak, 3.

BACK

• Pain in the back (third day), 6.
• Pain at the loins (sixth day), 6.

SUPERIOR EXTREMITIES

• Acute pain in the left arm at night, 6.
• Pain in the left elbow (third day), 6.

INFERIOR EXTREMITIES

• Pain at the inside of the thigh (fifth day), 6.
• Rheumatic pain in the right thigh (eighth day), 6.
• Trembling of the knees and of all the limbs with violent emotion, when hearing others talk about the disease he is afraid of having (second day), 6. [50.]
• Weakness of the knees when going upstairs, 6.
• Swelling of the ankles, rather less at night (third day), 6.

GENERAL SYMPTOMS

• Slight cramps, with staring look, 3.
• Debility, 6.
• Moral and physical prostration (third day), 6.
• Faintings, 5.

SLEEP AND DREAMS

• Sleepiness.
• Drowsiness (sixth day), 6.
• Drowsiness in daytime, 6.
• Sleep at 4 P.M. (second day), 6.
• Falls asleep late, 6. [60.]
• Distressing dreams, about wanting to save an asphyxiated child, whose parents will not let him treat it (second day), 6.
• Dreams about a conflagration, with small flames, like those presented by the 10th attenuation of Crotalus cascavella, when examined under the solar microscope, at the Homœopathic Institute of Rio Janeiro (fifth day), 6.

FEVER

• Coldness and shrinking, 5.
• The whole head, especially the nape of the neck, is cold (eighth day), 6.
• Face and limbs cold, 3.
• Icy coldness under the shoulder-blades, in bed, even when well covered up (seventh day), 6.
• Icy coldness of the arm, even to the marrow of the bone (eighthday), 6.
• Icy coldness of the knees (sixth day), 6.
• Cold feet and hands (seventh day), 6.
• Profuse sweat during sleep, ceasing on waking (second day), 6. [70.]
• Very fetid sweat under the axillæ and on the scrotum (third day), 6.

CONDITIONS

• Aggravation.
• ( Morning ), 6.30 o'clock, eructations; 6 o'clock, when urinating, pain in hypogastrium; diarrhœa.
• ( Afternoon ), 4 o'clock, weight in head; 3 o'clock, tenesmus, etc.
• ( Night ), Pain in left arm.
• ( Movement ), Pain in chest.
• ( During sleep ), Sweat.
• Amelioration.
• ( Night ), Swelling of the ankles.
• ( Applying hands to part ), Heaviness in stomach.